KIDNEY STONE

Kidney stones are pebble-like solid particles found in various parts of the urinary system. They are said to be formed by an excess of salts in the bloodstream that crystallise in the urine. The stones are vary in size and shape ranging from tiny particles that pass out unnoticed in the urine to large-branched formations about 5 cm across. They remain unnoticed as long as they stay in place. But even a tiny stone may cause excruciating pain as it leaves the kidney. Slight bleeding can occur due to tears in the lining of the urinary tract.


SYMPTOMS:
*"Silent" kidney stones produce no symptoms.
* Severe pain in the back over the spreads to the front of the abdomen
downwards. The pain builds up for about 1 minute before it eases off
and then returns again in a few minutes.
* Pain on passing urine.
* Fever or tenderness in the flank may indicate a stone related kidney
obstruction or infection.
COMPLICATIONS
Kidney blockage and infection. If not relieved, it can lead to kidney failure.

COMMON CAUSES:
*Insufficient fluid intake or frequent fluid loss (dehydration) can make the
urine so concentrated that stones form.
*An excess of calcium or uric in the bloodstream caused by gout or hormones
disorders.
*Kidney infections foster stone formation by slowing urine flow or changing
the acid balance of the urine.
*Prolonged bed rest, e.g due to illness.
WHAT YOU CAN DO:
*Consult the doctor immediately if there is severe pain accompanied by the
other symptoms.
PREVENTION TIP:
Drink plenty of fluids to keep urine diluted enough to hold all dissolved salts, in solution and keep them from forming stones.